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Secretum Secretorum
The ''Secretum'' or ''Secreta Secretorum'' (Latin for , also known as the ((アラビア語:كتاب سر الأسرار), "The Secret Book of Secrets"), is a pseudoaristotelian treatise which purports to be a letter from Aristotle to his student Alexander the Great on an encyclopedic range of topics, including statecraft, ethics, physiognomy, astrology, alchemy, magic, and medicine. The earliest extant editions claim to be based on a 9th-century Arabic translation of a Syriac translation of the lost Greek original. Modern scholarship finds it likely to have been a 10th-century work composed in Arabic. Translated into Latin in the mid-12th century, it was influential among European intellectuals during the High Middle Ages.
==Origin==
The origin of the treatise remains uncertain. The Arabic edition claims to be a translation by the well-known 9th-century scholar Abu Yahya ibn al-Batriq, working from a Syriac edition which was itself translated from a Greek original. It contains supposed letters from Aristotle to his pupil Alexander the Great. No such texts have been discovered and it appears the work was actually composed in Arabic. The letters may thus derive from the Islamic and Persian legends surrounding Alexander. The Arabic treatise is preserved in two copies: a longer 10-book version and a shorter version of 7 or 8 books; the latter is preserved in about 50 copies.
Modern scholarship considers that the text must date to after the ''Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity'' and before the work of Ibn Juljul in the late 10th century. The section on physiognomy may have been circulating as early as 940. The Arabic version was translated into Persian (at least twice), Ottoman Turkish (twice), Hebrew, Spanish, and twice into Latin. (The Hebrew edition was also the basis for a translation into Russian.) The first Latin translation was done for the Portuguese queen by the converso John of Seville; it is now preserved in about 150 copies. The second translation was done at Antioch by Philip of Tripoli; it is preserved in more than 350 copies. Some 13th-century editions include additional sections.
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